namespace std {
  template<class T> class indirect_array {
  public:
    using value_type = T;
    void operator=  (const valarray<T>&) const;
    void operator*= (const valarray<T>&) const;
    void operator/= (const valarray<T>&) const;
    void operator%= (const valarray<T>&) const;
    void operator+= (const valarray<T>&) const;
    void operator-= (const valarray<T>&) const;
    void operator^= (const valarray<T>&) const;
    void operator&= (const valarray<T>&) const;
    void operator|= (const valarray<T>&) const;
    void operator<<=(const valarray<T>&) const;
    void operator>>=(const valarray<T>&) const;
    indirect_array(const indirect_array&);
    ~indirect_array();
    const indirect_array& operator=(const indirect_array&) const;
    void operator=(const T&) const;
    indirect_array() = delete;  
  };
}
This template is a helper template used by the indirect subscript operator
indirect_array<T> valarray<T>::operator[](const valarray<size_t>&).
It has reference semantics to a subset of an array specified by an
indirect_array.  Thus, the expression
a[indirect] = b;
has the effect of assigning the elements of
b
to the elements in
a
whose indices appear in
indirect.