21 Strings library [strings]

The header <string> defines the basic_string class template for manipulating varying-length sequences of char-like objects and four typedefs, string, u16string, u32string, and wstring, that name the specializations basic_string<char>, basic_string<char16_t>, basic_string<char32_t>, and basic_string<wchar_t>, respectively.

Header <string> synopsis

#include <initializer_list>

namespace std {

  // [char.traits], character traits:
  template<class charT> struct char_traits;
  template <> struct char_traits<char>;
  template <> struct char_traits<char16_t>;
  template <> struct char_traits<char32_t>;
  template <> struct char_traits<wchar_t>;

  // [basic.string], basic_string:
  template<class charT, class traits = char_traits<charT>,
    class Allocator = allocator<charT> >
      class basic_string;

  template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
    basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>
      operator+(const basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>& lhs,
                const basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>& rhs);
  template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
    basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>
      operator+(basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>&& lhs,
                const basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>& rhs);
  template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
    basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>
      operator+(const basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>& lhs,
                basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>&& rhs);
  template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
    basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>
      operator+(basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>&& lhs,
                basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>&& rhs);
  template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
    basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>
      operator+(const charT* lhs,
                const basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>& rhs);
  template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
    basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>
      operator+(const charT* lhs,
                basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>&& rhs);
  template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
    basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>
      operator+(charT lhs, const basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>& rhs);
  template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
    basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>
      operator+(charT lhs, basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>&& rhs);
  template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
    basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>
      operator+(const basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>& lhs,
                const charT* rhs);
  template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
    basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>
      operator+(basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>&& lhs,
                const charT* rhs);
  template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
    basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>
      operator+(const basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>& lhs, charT rhs);
  template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
    basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>
      operator+(basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>&& lhs, charT rhs);

  template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
    bool operator==(const basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>& lhs,
                    const basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>& rhs) noexcept;
  template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
    bool operator==(const charT* lhs,
                    const basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>& rhs);
  template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
    bool operator==(const basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>& lhs,
                    const charT* rhs);
  template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
    bool operator!=(const basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>& lhs,
                    const basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>& rhs) noexcept;
  template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
    bool operator!=(const charT* lhs,
                    const basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>& rhs);
  template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
    bool operator!=(const basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>& lhs,
                    const charT* rhs);

  template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
    bool operator< (const basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>& lhs,
                    const basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>& rhs) noexcept;
  template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
    bool operator< (const basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>& lhs,
                    const charT* rhs);
  template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
    bool operator< (const charT* lhs,
                    const basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>& rhs);
  template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
    bool operator> (const basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>& lhs,
                    const basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>& rhs) noexcept;
  template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
    bool operator> (const basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>& lhs,
                    const charT* rhs);
  template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
    bool operator> (const charT* lhs,
                    const basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>& rhs);

  template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
    bool operator<=(const basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>& lhs,
                    const basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>& rhs) noexcept;
  template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
    bool operator<=(const basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>& lhs,
                    const charT* rhs);
  template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
    bool operator<=(const charT* lhs,
                    const basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>& rhs);
  template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
    bool operator>=(const basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>& lhs,
                    const basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>& rhs) noexcept;
  template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
    bool operator>=(const basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>& lhs,
                    const charT* rhs);
  template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
    bool operator>=(const charT* lhs,
                    const basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>& rhs);

  // [string.special], swap:
  template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
    void swap(basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>& lhs,
      basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>& rhs);

  // [string.io], inserters and extractors:
  template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
    basic_istream<charT,traits>&
      operator>>(basic_istream<charT,traits>& is,
                 basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>& str);
  template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
    basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
      operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os,
                 const basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>& str);
  template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
    basic_istream<charT,traits>&
      getline(basic_istream<charT,traits>& is,
              basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>& str,
              charT delim);
  template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
    basic_istream<charT,traits>&
      getline(basic_istream<charT,traits>&& is,
              basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>& str,
              charT delim);
  template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
    basic_istream<charT,traits>&
      getline(basic_istream<charT,traits>& is,
              basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>& str);
  template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
    basic_istream<charT,traits>&
      getline(basic_istream<charT,traits>&& is,
              basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>& str);

  // basic_string typedef names
  typedef basic_string<char> string;
  typedef basic_string<char16_t> u16string;
  typedef basic_string<char32_t> u32string;
  typedef basic_string<wchar_t> wstring;

  // [string.conversions], numeric conversions:
  int stoi(const string& str, size_t* idx = 0, int base = 10);
  long stol(const string& str, size_t* idx = 0, int base = 10);
  unsigned long stoul(const string& str, size_t* idx = 0, int base = 10);
  long long stoll(const string& str, size_t* idx = 0, int base = 10);
  unsigned long long stoull(const string& str, size_t* idx = 0, int base = 10);
  float stof(const string& str, size_t* idx = 0);
  double stod(const string& str, size_t* idx = 0);
  long double stold(const string& str, size_t* idx = 0);
  string to_string(int val);
  string to_string(unsigned val);
  string to_string(long val);
  string to_string(unsigned long val);
  string to_string(long long val);
  string to_string(unsigned long long val);
  string to_string(float val);
  string to_string(double val);
  string to_string(long double val);

  int stoi(const wstring& str, size_t* idx = 0, int base = 10);
  long stol(const wstring& str, size_t* idx = 0, int base = 10);
  unsigned long stoul(const wstring& str, size_t* idx = 0, int base = 10);
  long long stoll(const wstring& str, size_t* idx = 0, int base = 10);
  unsigned long long stoull(const wstring& str, size_t* idx = 0, int base = 10);
  float stof(const wstring& str, size_t* idx = 0);
  double stod(const wstring& str, size_t* idx = 0);
  long double stold(const wstring& str, size_t* idx = 0);
  wstring to_wstring(int val);
  wstring to_wstring(unsigned val);
  wstring to_wstring(long val);
  wstring to_wstring(unsigned long val);
  wstring to_wstring(long long val);
  wstring to_wstring(unsigned long long val);
  wstring to_wstring(float val);
  wstring to_wstring(double val);
  wstring to_wstring(long double val);

  // [basic.string.hash], hash support:
  template <class T> struct hash;
  template <> struct hash<string>;
  template <> struct hash<u16string>;
  template <> struct hash<u32string>;
  template <> struct hash<wstring>;

inline namespace literals {
inline namespace string_literals {

  // [basic.string.literals], suffix for basic_string literals:
  string    operator "" s(const char* str, size_t len);
  u16string operator "" s(const char16_t* str, size_t len);
  u32string operator "" s(const char32_t* str, size_t len);
  wstring   operator "" s(const wchar_t* str, size_t len);

}
}
}