namespace std {
template <class T> struct atomic {
bool is_lock_free() const volatile noexcept;
bool is_lock_free() const noexcept;
void store(T, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
void store(T, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept;
T load(memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const volatile noexcept;
T load(memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
operator T() const volatile noexcept;
operator T() const noexcept;
T exchange(T, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
T exchange(T, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept;
bool compare_exchange_weak(T&, T, memory_order, memory_order) volatile noexcept;
bool compare_exchange_weak(T&, T, memory_order, memory_order) noexcept;
bool compare_exchange_strong(T&, T, memory_order, memory_order) volatile noexcept;
bool compare_exchange_strong(T&, T, memory_order, memory_order) noexcept;
bool compare_exchange_weak(T&, T, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
bool compare_exchange_weak(T&, T, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept;
bool compare_exchange_strong(T&, T, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
bool compare_exchange_strong(T&, T, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept;
atomic() noexcept = default;
constexpr atomic(T) noexcept;
atomic(const atomic&) = delete;
atomic& operator=(const atomic&) = delete;
atomic& operator=(const atomic&) volatile = delete;
T operator=(T) volatile noexcept;
T operator=(T) noexcept;
};
template <> struct atomic<integral> {
bool is_lock_free() const volatile noexcept;
bool is_lock_free() const noexcept;
void store(integral, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
void store(integral, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept;
integral load(memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const volatile noexcept;
integral load(memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
operator integral() const volatile noexcept;
operator integral() const noexcept;
integral exchange(integral, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
integral exchange(integral, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept;
bool compare_exchange_weak(integral&, integral, memory_order, memory_order) volatile noexcept;
bool compare_exchange_weak(integral&, integral, memory_order, memory_order) noexcept;
bool compare_exchange_strong(integral&, integral, memory_order, memory_order) volatile noexcept;
bool compare_exchange_strong(integral&, integral, memory_order, memory_order) noexcept;
bool compare_exchange_weak(integral&, integral, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
bool compare_exchange_weak(integral&, integral, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept;
bool compare_exchange_strong(integral&, integral, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
bool compare_exchange_strong(integral&, integral, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept;
integral fetch_add(integral, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
integral fetch_add(integral, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept;
integral fetch_sub(integral, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
integral fetch_sub(integral, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept;
integral fetch_and(integral, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
integral fetch_and(integral, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept;
integral fetch_or(integral, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
integral fetch_or(integral, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept;
integral fetch_xor(integral, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
integral fetch_xor(integral, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept;
atomic() noexcept = default;
constexpr atomic(integral) noexcept;
atomic(const atomic&) = delete;
atomic& operator=(const atomic&) = delete;
atomic& operator=(const atomic&) volatile = delete;
integral operator=(integral) volatile noexcept;
integral operator=(integral) noexcept;
integral operator++(int) volatile noexcept;
integral operator++(int) noexcept;
integral operator--(int) volatile noexcept;
integral operator--(int) noexcept;
integral operator++() volatile noexcept;
integral operator++() noexcept;
integral operator--() volatile noexcept;
integral operator--() noexcept;
integral operator+=(integral) volatile noexcept;
integral operator+=(integral) noexcept;
integral operator-=(integral) volatile noexcept;
integral operator-=(integral) noexcept;
integral operator&=(integral) volatile noexcept;
integral operator&=(integral) noexcept;
integral operator|=(integral) volatile noexcept;
integral operator|=(integral) noexcept;
integral operator^=(integral) volatile noexcept;
integral operator^=(integral) noexcept;
};
template <class T> struct atomic<T*> {
bool is_lock_free() const volatile noexcept;
bool is_lock_free() const noexcept;
void store(T*, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
void store(T*, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept;
T* load(memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const volatile noexcept;
T* load(memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
operator T*() const volatile noexcept;
operator T*() const noexcept;
T* exchange(T*, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
T* exchange(T*, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept;
bool compare_exchange_weak(T*&, T*, memory_order, memory_order) volatile noexcept;
bool compare_exchange_weak(T*&, T*, memory_order, memory_order) noexcept;
bool compare_exchange_strong(T*&, T*, memory_order, memory_order) volatile noexcept;
bool compare_exchange_strong(T*&, T*, memory_order, memory_order) noexcept;
bool compare_exchange_weak(T*&, T*, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
bool compare_exchange_weak(T*&, T*, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept;
bool compare_exchange_strong(T*&, T*, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
bool compare_exchange_strong(T*&, T*, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept;
T* fetch_add(ptrdiff_t, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
T* fetch_add(ptrdiff_t, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept;
T* fetch_sub(ptrdiff_t, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
T* fetch_sub(ptrdiff_t, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept;
atomic() noexcept = default;
constexpr atomic(T*) noexcept;
atomic(const atomic&) = delete;
atomic& operator=(const atomic&) = delete;
atomic& operator=(const atomic&) volatile = delete;
T* operator=(T*) volatile noexcept;
T* operator=(T*) noexcept;
T* operator++(int) volatile noexcept;
T* operator++(int) noexcept;
T* operator--(int) volatile noexcept;
T* operator--(int) noexcept;
T* operator++() volatile noexcept;
T* operator++() noexcept;
T* operator--() volatile noexcept;
T* operator--() noexcept;
T* operator+=(ptrdiff_t) volatile noexcept;
T* operator+=(ptrdiff_t) noexcept;
T* operator-=(ptrdiff_t) volatile noexcept;
T* operator-=(ptrdiff_t) noexcept;
};
}
There is a generic class template atomic<T>. The type of the template argument T shall be trivially copyable ([basic.types]). [ Note: Type arguments that are not also statically initializable may be difficult to use. — end note ]
The semantics of the operations on specializations of atomic are defined in [atomics.types.operations].
Specializations and instantiations of the atomic template shall have a deleted copy constructor, a deleted copy assignment operator, and a constexpr value constructor.
There shall be explicit specializations of the atomic template for the integral types char, signed char, unsigned char, short, unsigned short, int, unsigned int, long, unsigned long, long long, unsigned long long, char16_t, char32_t, wchar_t, and any other types needed by the typedefs in the header <cstdint>. For each integral type integral, the specialization atomic<integral> provides additional atomic operations appropriate to integral types. There shall be a specialization atomic<bool> which provides the general atomic operations as specified in [atomics.types.operations.general].
The atomic integral specializations and the specialization atomic<bool> shall have standard layout. They shall each have a trivial default constructor and a trivial destructor. They shall each support aggregate initialization syntax.
There shall be pointer partial specializations of the atomic class template. These specializations shall have standard layout, trivial default constructors, and trivial destructors. They shall each support aggregate initialization syntax.
There shall be named types corresponding to the integral specializations of atomic, as specified in Table [tab:atomics.integral], and a named type atomic_bool corresponding to the specified atomic<bool>. Each named type is either a typedef to the corresponding specialization or a base class of the corresponding specialization. If it is a base class, it shall support the same member functions as the corresponding specialization.
| Named type | Integral argument type |
| atomic_char | char |
| atomic_schar | signed char |
| atomic_uchar | unsigned char |
| atomic_short | short |
| atomic_ushort | unsigned short |
| atomic_int | int |
| atomic_uint | unsigned int |
| atomic_long | long |
| atomic_ulong | unsigned long |
| atomic_llong | long long |
| atomic_ullong | unsigned long long |
| atomic_char16_t | char16_t |
| atomic_char32_t | char32_t |
| atomic_wchar_t | wchar_t |
There shall be atomic typedefs corresponding to the typedefs in the header <inttypes.h> as specified in Table [tab:atomics.typedefs].
| Atomic typedef | <inttypes.h> type |
| atomic_int_least8_t | int_least8_t |
| atomic_uint_least8_t | uint_least8_t |
| atomic_int_least16_t | int_least16_t |
| atomic_uint_least16_t | uint_least16_t |
| atomic_int_least32_t | int_least32_t |
| atomic_uint_least32_t | uint_least32_t |
| atomic_int_least64_t | int_least64_t |
| atomic_uint_least64_t | uint_least64_t |
| atomic_int_fast8_t | int_fast8_t |
| atomic_uint_fast8_t | uint_fast8_t |
| atomic_int_fast16_t | int_fast16_t |
| atomic_uint_fast16_t | uint_fast16_t |
| atomic_int_fast32_t | int_fast32_t |
| atomic_uint_fast32_t | uint_fast32_t |
| atomic_int_fast64_t | int_fast64_t |
| atomic_uint_fast64_t | uint_fast64_t |
| atomic_intptr_t | intptr_t |
| atomic_uintptr_t | uintptr_t |
| atomic_size_t | size_t |
| atomic_ptrdiff_t | ptrdiff_t |
| atomic_intmax_t | intmax_t |
| atomic_uintmax_t | uintmax_t |
[ Note: The representation of an atomic specialization need not have the same size as its corresponding argument type. Specializations should have the same size whenever possible, as this reduces the effort required to port existing code. — end note ]